What is the difference between a physical and chemical exfoliant?

@clifford.walsh 

A physical exfoliant, also known as a mechanical exfoliant, refers to skincare products or methods that physically scrub or scrape away dead skin cells from the surface of the skin. These often involve the use of granules, particles, or a textured material to physically slough off the dead skin. Some examples include scrubs with ingredients like sugar, salt, coffee grounds, or beads.

On the other hand, chemical exfoliants work by utilizing chemicals or acids to dissolve or loosen the bonds between dead skin cells. They help to remove the built-up dead skin more gently and effectively without the need for physical scrubbing. Chemical exfoliants typically include ingredients such as alpha-hydroxy acids (AHAs) like glycolic acid and lactic acid, beta-hydroxy acid (BHA) like salicylic acid, and enzymes like papain and bromelain.

Key differences between physical and chemical exfoliants include:

1. Mechanism of action: Physical exfoliants physically scrape or scrub away dead skin cells, while chemical exfoliants use chemical compounds to dissolve or loosen the bonds between dead skin cells.
2. Intensity: Physical exfoliants tend to provide a more immediate and noticeable result due to the physical abrasion, but they can sometimes be harsher on the skin. Chemical exfoliants are generally more gentle and suitable for sensitive skin.
3. Depth of exfoliation: Physical exfoliants primarily target the outermost layer of dead skin cells, offering superficial exfoliation. Chemical exfoliants can penetrate deeper into the skin, effectively exfoliating the surface as well as the pores.
4. Skin type suitability: Physical exfoliants can be suitable for various skin types, but those with sensitive skin may find them too harsh. Chemical exfoliants, especially AHAs, are generally suitable for most skin types, while BHAs like salicylic acid tend to be more beneficial for oily and acne-prone skin.
5. Frequency of use: Physical exfoliants are typically used 2-3 times per week, whereas chemical exfoliants are used 1-2 times per week, depending on the individual's skin tolerance.

It's important to note that both types of exfoliants have their pros and cons, and the choice depends on individual skin concerns, sensitivity, and preferences.