What is the role of a network switch in a computer network?

@alexandra 

A network switch is a device used in computer networks to connect multiple devices together and facilitate the flow of data between them. Its primary role is to receive incoming data packets and forward them to the appropriate destination device within the network.

Here are some key functions and roles of a network switch:

1. Packet forwarding: Switches examine the destination address of incoming packets and forward them only to the specific device for which the data is intended. This process is known as packet switching.
2. Filtering and organizing traffic: Switches can filter and organize network traffic by using MAC (Media Access Control) addresses. As each device on a network has a unique MAC address, switches maintain a table called a MAC address table, which maps MAC addresses to specific ports. This helps in efficient delivery of data and avoids unnecessary traffic.
3. Segmentation and VLANs: Switches allow network segmentation by breaking a large network into smaller subnetworks. This allows for improved network performance, security, and management. Virtual LANs (VLANs) can be created on a switch to logically separate devices based on different criteria, such as departments or functions.
4. Bandwidth allocation: Most switches have multiple ports with varying bandwidth capacities. Switches can allocate bandwidth to different devices based on their needs, ensuring efficient utilization of network resources.
5. Network security: Switches can enhance network security by supporting features like Access Control Lists (ACLs) and port security. ACLs allow rules to be set to control which devices have access to specific resources or services. Port security allows administrators to limit or control the number of devices that can connect to a switch port.
6. Quality of Service (QoS): Switches can prioritize certain types of network traffic over others. This is crucial in scenarios where real-time applications like VoIP (Voice over Internet Protocol) or video conferencing need to be given priority and minimum latency.

In summary, a network switch acts as a central hub for data traffic, efficiently connecting devices within a computer network, and ensuring data is delivered to the intended recipients.