What are the different types of automotive cooling systems?

@shyanne 

There are several types of automotive cooling systems, including:

1. Air-cooled system: In small engines and some vintage vehicles, air-cooling is used to remove heat from the engine. A fan blows air over the engine's fins, dissipating heat and maintaining the optimal temperature.
2. Liquid-cooled system: Most modern vehicles use liquid cooling systems. These systems circulate coolant (usually a mixture of water and antifreeze) through channels in the engine block and cylinder head, absorbing heat. The hot coolant then flows through a radiator, where it is cooled by airflow.
3. Radiator-cooled system: Radiator cooling systems use a radiator, which consists of a series of tubes and fins, to cool the hot coolant. Airflow from the vehicle's front grille or through a fan forces air over the radiator, lowering the coolant temperature.
4. Thermostat-controlled system: This type of cooling system includes a thermostat located between the engine and the radiator. The thermostat regulates the flow of coolant based on the engine's temperature, allowing it to reach the optimum operating temperature before opening and letting coolant circulate through the radiator.
5. Electric cooling system: Electric fans are used in some vehicles to improve cooling efficiency. These fans are controlled by temperature sensors and are typically located behind the radiator. They activate when additional cooling is needed, especially during low-speed or idle conditions.
6. Coolant recirculation system: This system, also known as "closed-loop cooling," recirculates the coolant through the engine and radiator using a water pump. It ensures that the coolant remains at a consistent temperature, preventing overheating.
7. Dual cooling system: Some high-performance or heavy-duty vehicles may incorporate dual cooling systems. These systems use separate coolant circuits to cool the engine and transmission fluid, optimizing the cooling efficiency of both components.

It's worth noting that various vehicles might employ a combination of these cooling systems or different variations based on their design and purpose.